Gudanar da kuɗin ajiyar ajiya yana nufin kamfani a cikin sarrafa kayan ajiya na kowane hanyoyin ajiya mai mahimmanci don ɗaukar hanyoyin sarrafawa, manufar mafi ƙarancin farashin ajiya don cimma ƙimar da aka ƙayyade da aka riga aka ƙayyade da adadin ajiya, gami da duk ƙoƙarin rage farashin ajiya.
1. Ka'idodin kula da farashin sito
Ka'idar tattalin arziki
Ajiye shine ceton albarkatun ɗan adam, kayan aiki da na kuɗi. Yana da mahimmancin inganta ingantaccen tattalin arziki, da buƙatar yin aiki daidai da dokokin tattalin arziki na haƙiƙa, da kuma ka'ida ta asali na kula da farashi.A karkashin jagorancin wannan ka'ida, dole ne mu kafa sabon ra'ayi na sarrafa farashin sito: ya kamata. ba wai kawai ya zama mummunan ƙuntatawa da kulawa ba, amma ya kamata ya zama jagora mai aiki da sa baki.
A da, da kudin management, da farko kawai jaddada bincike da dubawa bayan taron, yafi mayar da hankali a kan m aiwatar da kudin kewayon da ka'idoji da ka'idoji, wanda a zahiri nasa ne ga yanayin "gyara marigayi" kula da kariya. ;Daga baya, ya haɓaka don mai da hankali kan sarrafa farashin yau da kullun. Lokacin da aka gano cewa a zahiri ya fita daga ma'auni ko kasafin kuɗi, nan da nan ya koma ga sassan da suka dace don shiga tsakani ko daidaitawa, don gyara kurakuran da kuma ƙarfafa nasarorin da aka samu, wanda ya kasance mai sarrafa ra'ayi. Amma don aiwatar da ayyukan. ka'idar ceto da zurfi a nan gaba, mayar da hankali kan kula da farashin dole ne a canja shi zuwa ga sarrafawa kafin farashin ya faru, yin hasashen tattalin arziki mai kyau, da cikakkiyar ma'auni na ceton ciki na kamfanonin ajiya, da yin lissafin hankali a ko'ina, da kuma yin aiki tukuru a ciki. Sau biyu karuwa da kashi biyu. Kawai ta wannan hanya, za a iya kawar da asara da sharar gida a gaba, don "nip a cikin toho" kuma yadda ya kamata ya taka rawar ciyarwa gaba.
Ka'idar fahimta
Aiwatar da ƙa'idar cikakku a cikin sarrafa farashi na ɗakunan ajiya galibi yana da ma'anoni biyu masu zuwa.
①. Gudanar da cikakken farashi
Kudin yana da cikakkiyar ma'anar tattalin arziki mai ƙarfi, wanda ya haɗa da dukkan sassan kasuwanci da kuma ainihin aikin duk ma'aikata.Idan muna so mu rage farashin da inganta fa'idodi, dole ne mu ƙaddamar da himma da sha'awar kowane sashe da kowane ma'aikaci. don kula da kula da farashi.Tattara jama'a don shiga cikin gudanar da farashi, ba shakka, ba don sokewa ko raunana farashin gudanarwa na cibiyoyi masu sana'a da ma'aikata masu sana'a ba, amma a cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu sana'a da masu sana'a. duk, duk abin da, duk lokacin da za a yi daidai da ka'idodin ƙididdiga ko tsarin kula da kasafin kuɗi, kawai ta wannan hanyar, don rufe gibba daga bangarori daban-daban, kawo ƙarshen ɓarna.
② Duk tsarin sarrafa farashi
A cikin al'ummar zamani, ya kamata mu ba da cikakkiyar wasa ga haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwar kayan aiki, da kuma ƙarfafa tsarin kula da farashi a cikin ajiya da sauran hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa. A takaice dai, ikon sarrafa farashi ya kamata ya gudana ta hanyar dukkanin tsarin farashi. Ya kasance ya tabbatar da cewa idan aka sarrafa farashin rayuwar samfuran yadda ya kamata, za a iya rage tsadar tsadar kayayyaki sosai, kuma daga mahangar al'umma gabaɗaya, ta haka ne za a iya samun ainihin tanadin farashi.
Ka'idar hada alhakin, iko da bukatu
Don tabbatar da sarrafa farashin sito da gaske, dole ne mu bi ka'idodin tsarin alhakin tattalin arziki da aiwatar da ka'idar hada alhakin, daidai da fa'ida. Ya kamata a nuna cewa a cikin tsarin alhakin tattalin arziki, shine alhakin da ikon kowane memba don sarrafa farashin alhakin. Babu shakka, idan ƙungiyar da ke da alhakin ba ta da wannan iko, babu wani iko. Misali, kowace cibiyar alhakin farashi ta saita wasu ka'idoji ko kasafin kuɗi. Idan ana buƙatar su cika nauyin kula da farashi, dole ne a ba su ikon yanke shawara ko za a iya kashe wani farashi a cikin iyakokin da aka tsara. Idan ba tare da irin wannan iko ba, ba shakka, ba za a sami ikon sarrafa farashi ba. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin don cikakken tattara himma da sha'awar kowace cibiyar alhakin farashi a cikin kulawar farashi, ya zama dole a koyaushe a kimantawa da tantance ainihin ayyukansu, da alaƙa da alaƙa da muradun tattalin arziƙin ma'aikata da kansu, ta yadda lada da azabtarwa ta bayyana.
Ka'idodin gudanarwa ta manufofi
Gudanar da manufofin, wanda ya kasance a cikin Amurka a cikin 1950s, yana nufin gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci yana ɗaukar manufofin da aka kafa a matsayin tushen kula da albarkatun ɗan adam, albarkatun kayan aiki, albarkatun kuɗi da mahimman alamun tattalin arziki. Gudanar da farashi yana da mahimmanci. abun ciki na gudanarwa ta maƙasudai, dole ne ya dogara ne akan farashin da aka yi niyya, kamar yadda ma'auni na ayyukan tattalin arziki na kasuwanci don iyakancewa da jagoranci, da kuma yin ƙoƙari don yin tare da mafi ƙarancin kashe kuɗi, samun fa'idodin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa mafi kyau.Tun da farashin da ake nufi shine. a matsayin makasudin yin ƙoƙari don cimma farashi, sannan saita farashin niyya ya kamata ya kasance daidai da takamaiman yanayi na wannan kamfani, kamar yanayin kayan aiki na yanzu, ikon kasuwanci da matakin fasaha, bayanan farashi na tarihi, da sauransu), kuma suna so yi la'akari da yanayin waje na kamfani (kamar manufofin kuɗi na ƙasa, samar da kasuwa da yanayin buƙatu, a cikin masana'antu iri ɗaya a cikin gida da waje irin bayanin farashi iri ɗaya, da sauransu), sannan ta amfani da hanyar musamman na sarrafa farashi. da dabarun, mafi kyawun farashin manufa.
Ka'idar gudanarwa ta togiya
"Gudanarwa ta Musamman" hanya ce ta musamman da ake amfani da ita wajen sarrafa ayyukan kasuwanci da gudanarwa na yau da kullun a cikin ƙasashen yammacin duniya, musamman wajen sarrafa alamun farashi na yau da kullun.
Sarrafa farashin yau da kullun shine ta hanyar bincike da bincike na bambance-bambancen farashi daban-daban, don samun matsaloli, tono yuwuwar rage farashin, da kuma gabatar da takamaiman matakan inganta aikin ko gyara gazawar.Duk da haka, a zahiri, bambance-bambancen farashin yau da kullun na kowane kamfani na kayan aiki sau da yawa yana da rikitarwa kuma yana da yawa don sarrafawa.Domin inganta ingantaccen sarrafa farashi, manajoji kada su sanya kuzarin su da lokacin tarwatsewa cikin duk bambance-bambancen farashi, amfani da matsakaicin iko; Maimakon haka, ya kamata mu haskaka mahimman abubuwan. da kuma mayar da hankalinmu akan mahimman bambance-bambancen da ba su da kyau kuma ba su dace da al'ada ba. Ya kamata mu gano su zuwa tushen dalilin, gano dalilan bambance-bambancen, da kuma mayar da su akan lokaci zuwa cibiyar alhakin farashi mai dacewa, don ɗaukar matakan da suka dace don sarrafa su da kyau, kuma mu bar sauran. Duk waɗannan bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci. wadanda suka fita daga al'ada kuma daga al'ada ana kiran su keɓancewa.
2. Aikin kula da farashin sito
Gudanar da farashi na Warehouse shine yin amfani da hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta tattalin arziki don gane aikin ajiya, wato, a ƙarƙashin tsarin tabbatar da fahimtar aikin ajiya, yadda za a rage yawan zuba jari har ya yiwu. nazarin tattalin arziki a kan ayyukan dabaru na masana'antu, fahimtar yanayin tattalin arziki a cikin aiwatar da kayan aiki, don ƙirƙirar fa'idodin dabaru mafi girma tare da mafi ƙarancin farashi. farashin kayan aiki na babba da ƙananan yana da babban tasiri, tsarin dabarun kasuwanci a lokaci guda yana kula da matakan ƙididdiga don masana'antar don samarwa ko matakin sabis na abokin ciniki yana taka muhimmiyar rawa, kula da farashi na warehousing dole ne ya kasance a wurin don tabbatar da cewa matakin sabis kamar yadda yake. abin da ake bukata.
Abubuwan da ke cikin sarrafa farashin sito
Mahimmancin kula da farashin sito shine rage saka hannun jari gwargwadon yadda zai yiwu a ƙarƙashin tsarin tabbatar da fahimtar aikin ajiya.Wannan matsala ce ta alaƙar shigar da fitarwa, da kuma matsala mai ma'ana ta bin shigar da kuɗin ajiya.
"Amfanin fa'ida" wata doka ce ta duniya a cikin ayyukan dabaru. Babu shakka, warehousing, a matsayin aikin da ya dace, an ƙaddara ta halayensa, kuma sau da yawa yana da ɗabi'a don rage fa'idodin tsarin dabaru da lalata aikin tsarin dabaru. , don haka yana da tasirin "marasa kyau" akan ayyukan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Wannan tasirin yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ajiya mara kyau da canje-canje masu inganci da asarar ƙimar abubuwan da aka adana yayin ajiya.
Ma'ajiyar da ba ta da ma'ana ta fi nunawa ta fuskoki biyu: ɗaya fasaha ce ta ajiya mara ma'ana; Na biyu, sarrafa ma'ajiya, ƙungiya ba ta da ma'ana.Bayanai kamar haka:
①. Lokacin ajiya yayi tsayi da yawa;
②. Adadin ajiya ya yi yawa;
③. Adadin ajiya yayi ƙasa da ƙasa;
Rashin isassun yanayi ko wuce gona da iri;
⑤. Rashin daidaituwa na tsarin ajiya.
Canje-canje masu inganci waɗanda zasu iya faruwa a lokacin ajiya galibi ana haifar da su ne ta hanyar lokacin ajiya, yanayi, aiki da sauran dalilai.Hanyar canjin ingancin ya haɗa da canjin jiki da na inji (yanayin wanzuwar jiki, ɗigogi, wari, lalacewa, nakasawa, da sauransu), sinadarai. canji (bazuwar da hydrolysis, hydration, lalata, tsufa, hadewa, polymerization, da dai sauransu), canjin biochemical, mamayewar halittu daban-daban (berayen, kwari, tururuwa), da sauransu.
Kayayyaki iri-iri yayin ajiya kuma na iya haifar da asarar ƙima, kamar rashin jinkiri, asarar ƙimar lokaci, tsadar ajiya mai yawa, da sauransu.
Canjin inganci da asarar ƙimar waɗannan ma'auni marasa ma'ana da kayan da aka adana a cikin lokacin ajiyar ba makawa zai haifar da haɓakar farashin ajiya, ta yadda masu kula da kamfanoni dole ne su ƙarfafa sarrafa farashin ajiya daga kowane fanni.
4.Muhimmancin sarrafa farashin sito
A matsayin wani ɓangare na sarrafa farashi na dabaru, sarrafa farashi a fagen kayan aiki shima yana da faffadan sarari don rage tsadar kayayyaki, don haka, matsalolin sarrafa kayan ajiyar kayayyaki ya sa manajojin gudanarwar kasuwancin gabaɗaya kula.
Sarrafa farashin sito muhimmin sashi ne na sarrafa farashin kayan aiki
Rage farashin sito da inganta matakin sabis na ajiyar kaya ya zama mafi mahimmancin batun sarrafa ɗakunan ajiya na kasuwanci. Kula da farashin ajiya na ma'anar shine: ta hanyar ingantaccen fahimtar farashin ajiyar kayayyaki, amfani da ɗakunan ajiya da dabaru suna fa'ida alaƙar ƙiyayya tsakanin kowane fa'ida, ƙungiyar kimiyya da ma'amala ta ma'amala. ayyuka, ƙarfafa warehousing ayyuka a cikin aiwatar da tasiri iko na halin kaka, rage warehousing ayyuka a cikin cin abinci na materialized aiki da kuma rayuwa, don rage jimlar ajiya kudin, inganta tattalin arziki yadda ya dace na Enterprises da zamantakewa dalilai.
Rage haɗarin ƙira ta hanyar sarrafa kayan ajiya
Bugu da ƙari, a waje da filin taro na manyan kayan aiki, gine-gine, yawancin samfurori na tabbatar da samar da gaba daya babu wani kaya da ke da wuyar cimma burinmu, samar da kayayyaki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki ya kamata ya zama daidaitaccen adadin aminci, wannan shi ne. don ba da tabbacin samar da ci gaba da kuma wata hanya mai mahimmanci don inganta tallace-tallace, da kuma lalacewa ga abubuwan da ke faruwa don kayan aiki masu mahimmancin matakan gaggawa, irin su cunkoson ababen hawa, majeure, hatsarori, da dai sauransu; Duk da haka, ƙididdiga yana nufin karuwar farashin babban jari na aikin babban jari, kuma zai haifar da asara, sharar gida da sauran haɗari. Ana samun raguwar haɗari ta hanyar sarrafa kaya. Sarrafa kayan ƙira yawanci ya haɗa da sarrafa kaya, tsarin ɗakunan ajiya, sarrafa kayan maye, tsarin bayarwa, da sauransu.Amfani da sarrafa kaya don rage farashi ɗaya ne daga cikin mahimman abubuwan sarrafa kayan aiki.
Ayyukan ajiya na taimakawa wajen rage farashin kayan aiki na tsarin
Ƙididdigar farashin tsarin tsarin a cikin ƙayyadaddun tsari na aiki, rarraba zuwa farashin ajiya, farashin sufuri, farashin aiki, farashi mai haɗari.Warehousing kudin ba kawai wani muhimmin ɓangare na farashin kayan aiki ba ne, amma har ma wani ɓangare na kayan aiki na kayan aiki. rage yawan kudin ajiyar kaya zai iya rage farashin kayan aiki kai tsaye.Haɗin samfuran a cikin ajiya, stowing daidai, marufi na wurare dabam dabam, rukuni da sauran sarrafa wurare dabam dabam shine don haɓaka haɓakar lodawa da saukewa, yin cikakken amfani da hanyoyin sufuri, don haka rage farashin sufuri.Madaidaicin ma'auni da ingantaccen ajiya zai rage canjin kayayyaki, kwarara, rage yawan ayyuka; Yin amfani da kayan aikin injiniya da kayan aiki na kayan aiki, yana taimakawa wajen rage farashin ayyuka. da kuma kula da kaya, daidaitaccen sarrafa adadin, yana rage haɗari da tsada sosai.
Aiwatar da ƙarin sabis na ƙima ta hanyar ayyukan ajiya
Kyakkyawan gudanarwa na kayan aiki ba kawai yana buƙatar saduwa da tallace-tallace na samfur ba, rage farashin samfur, amma kuma ya kamata a gudanar da ayyuka masu ƙima don inganta yawan kuɗin da ake samu na tallace-tallace na samfurori.Tamanin tallace-tallacen samfurin ya fito ne daga inganta ingancin samfurin, fadada ayyuka. , ƙimar lokaci na lokaci, ƙimar kasuwa na kololuwa da daidaita kwaruruka, da ƙimar ƙimar sabis na keɓaɓɓen sabis.An gudanar da ayyuka da yawa masu ƙima da ƙima a cikin hanyar haɗin yanar gizo. Ta hanyar sarrafa wurare dabam dabam, ana inganta ingancin samfur, ana canza aiki, kuma ana gane keɓantawar samfur. Ta hanyar sarrafa lokaci na warehousing, samar da rhythm da kuma amfani kari suna aiki tare, da kuma lokacin amfani da darajar gudanar da dabaru aka gane.Ta hanyar da kayayyaki hadewa na ajiya, gudanar da keɓaɓɓen sabis don amfani.
Daidaita sana'ar rarraba kudade ta hanyar ayyukan ajiya
Raw kayan, kayayyakin, gama kayayyakin na masana'antu masana'antu, da kuma kayayyaki na kasuwanci masana'antu su ne manyan mazaunan babban birnin kasar aiki. Inventory iko shi ne ainihin iko na aiki babban birnin kasar, da kuma sarrafa kaya ne mafi kyau duka ma'auni na overall zama na aiki babban birnin kasar na Enterprises.Saboda, ta hanyar kara yawan oda zai iya rage oda kudin da sufuri kudin, kula da wani haifuwa da albarkatun kasa. zai rage yawan musayar kayayyaki, inganta ingantaccen aiki, ajiyar kaya da sarrafa farashi shine neman mafi kyawun wasa tsakanin su biyun, don cimma manufar rage yawan kayan aiki.
Source: Shelf Industry Network
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-25-2021